How do you get started when you don’t know where to begin? Or what do you do when you’re stuck and can’t figure out the next step? Well, today’s mental model of backwards chaining might hold the answer for you.
Plus, this model has additional benefits that we’ll explore in this article.
What is backwards chaining?
Backwards chaining is a method for figuring out what actions you need to take by starting with your desired outcome and then working backwards.
This is different from forward chaining where we start where we are, and then figure out the next steps moving towards our goal.
This is not a new idea. It’s been a key tool in logic and computer science (including AI and proving theorems) for a long time. Still, many people do not know or use it as a technique.
Why does backwards chaining matter?
I’ve hinted at the first reason backwards chaining matters already: It lets us see what we can’t see looking forward.
Some problems or steps are so unclear when we try to plan from where we are, but if we flip things over, they are easier to solve. This often comes from the clarity we get of our end goal and we can then see what the exact requirements are.
It helps do action on time
How many of us have thought we had plenty of time to study for an exam only to realise we now have to cram the night before?
It’s a common issue with deadlines and a problem when we prioritise urgent over important things. Backwards chaining can help.
It makes us aware of how much we need to do and by when so we can manage our workload.
But there are other benefits beyond just project planning.
It’s makes it easier to remember
This is a trick I learned from teaching English as a foreign language.
If you struggle to say a word (or remember a long sentence), start with the last word or syllable and then build up, backwards. (Yup! It’s backwards chaining).
This can work with other goals including forming habits.
It helps build confidence
Backwards chaining is a technique sometimes used in therapy.
Some people can’t imagine themselves ever-changing or the steps to get there. By changing their perspective and forcing them to image themselves as different person, it can break a barrier.
While current them can’t ever be that person, a future them could.
Switching perspectives can give them the confidence that they can make each step along the way.
How to use backwards chaining in your life
Using Backwards chaining depends on your exact situation but here are some good general principles.
- Define the end goal you want to reach as clearly as possible. (e.g., write a book)
- Identify the step before the final goal (e.g., edit the content)
- Repeat the second step working out every previous action (e.g., write the final chapter, write the penultimate chapter…, outline the content, research the topic, etc) until you get to the first action you can take today.
- Check the feasibility of each step to make sure they are possible. If necessary break down or work out who else you might need help from.
- Do the action you need to do today.
That final step is critical. It doesn’t have to be much but don’t put off taking action.
The power of thinking in reverse
Backwards chaining isn’t a miracle cure and thinking forward can often be as or more effective. But, if you have tight deadlines or a goal that seems impossible, this is a great technique to ensure you achieve your goal and do it on time.
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